2025 India-Pakistan Crisis: Causes, Consequences & Escalation After Kashmir Terror Attack

After deadly terrorist attack in India administrated Kashmir, the tensions between India and Pakistan have once again triggered. Both countries escalated into a full blown diplomatic and military crisis. This incident introduced new dimensions to the conflict and threats to shared water resources. Military skirmishes are reported along the line of control.

Terrorist attack Pahalgam on April 22, 2025

A terrorist attack occurred in the Baisaran Valley near Pahalgam on April 22, 2025. Pahalgam is a famous tourist destination in Jammu and Kashmir. The assailants were identified as members of Pakistan based Lashkar e Taiba. They opened fire on tourists. It resulted in 26 fatalities and over 20 injuries. The victims were mostly Hindu pilgrims.

The attack was deadliest in the region in recent years. India immediately condemned the attack and accused Pakistan of supporting terrorist groups operating in Kashmir. As a result India expelled Pakistani diplomats, suspended 1960 Indus Water Treaty and closed the Attari Wagah border crossing.

Pakistan denied any involvement in the attack. In retaliation, Pakistan suspended the Simla Agreement and closed its airspace to Indian aircraft. Moreover, Pakistan expelled Indian diplomats and halted all trade with India. Pakistan warned that any attempt to alter the flow of water from the Indus River would be considered an act of war.

The situation on the ground has deteriorated. Both nations engaged in military maneuvers and skirmishes along the line of control. Indian and Pakistani forces also exchanged small arms fire. An Indian Border Security Force soldier was captured by Pakistan rangers because of crossing Pakistan territory.

The international community also expressed deep concern over this crisis. The United Nations urged both countries to resolve their differences through dialogue. Iran has offered to mediate between India and Pakistan. The United Nations emphasized that both nations need to address their issues peacefully.

In India Prime Minister Narendra Modi faces significant public pressure to take strong action against Pakistan. Both India and Pakistan are nuclear powers and any escalation could have catastrophic not only for both countries but also for the entire region. It is necessary for both nations to engage in dialogue and seek peaceful solutions to their differences to ensure peace in the region.